African River Crab

Potamonautes is a diverse genus of freshwater crabs endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, with over 80 species distributed across the continent's lakes, rivers, streams, and even mountain forests. Most species available in the hobby are compact, robust crabs with squat oval carapaces in shades of brown, olive, and rust, perfectly camouflaged for life among rocks and leaf litter.

These crabs are genuinely fully freshwater — requiring no salt — and inhabit a range of environments from fast-flowing mountain streams to slow lowland rivers. In the aquarium they are inquisitive, active crabs that spend time both in the water and on emergent surfaces. They burrow enthusiastically in soft substrate areas and appreciate caves and overhangs.

For African biotope enthusiasts, Potamonautes species complement East or Central African freshwater setups alongside cichlids or catfish from the same geographic region. Their direct-developing larvae make captive breeding straightforward in a well-maintained paludarium.

Water: 22–28°C, pH 7.0–8.0, GH 5–15, KH 2–10; fully freshwater, no salt required. Tank: minimum 60 L paludarium, rocky substrate, caves, land section with access; varied levels. Feeding: omnivore — sinking pellets, vegetables, frozen shrimp, detritus, leaf litter. Breeding: direct development; female broods eggs; juveniles are miniature crabs at hatching. Compatibility: territorial — keep alone or as pair; not safe with small shrimp.