African Sharptooth Catfish

Clarias gariepinus has the broadest natural distribution of any African catfish, occurring throughout sub-Saharan Africa and the Nile basin in virtually every freshwater habitat from large rivers and lakes to seasonal swamps and floodplains. Its suprabranchial respiratory organ allows it to breathe atmospheric air and survive in oxygen-depleted, stagnant water that would be lethal to most fish. This same adaptation allows it to traverse short distances over wet ground between water bodies.

In the aquarium, C. gariepinus is almost indestructible in terms of water quality tolerance, accepting temperatures from 20–30°C and pH ranging from 6.0–8.5 without issue. However, its enormous adult size (up to 170 cm), voracious appetite, and powerful musculature make it entirely unsuitable for any but the very largest aquaria. It will consume any tankmate that fits in its substantial mouth.

Despite its utilitarian reputation as a food fish, the African Sharptooth Catfish displays genuine intelligence and quickly associates its keeper with food. It is a fascinating species for those with the space, but responsible disposal of unwanted specimens is essential — it has become a damaging invasive species in many regions outside its native range.

Water: 20–30°C, pH 6.0–8.5; extremely tolerant — prioritise volume and mechanical filtration. Tank: 2 000 L minimum; very robust filtration; tight-fitting lid as this species can escape. Feeding: Practically anything — pellets, whole fish, meat, vegetables; very high food conversion ratio. Breeding: Nest-spawner with parental care; hormone induction used in commercial farming. Compatibility: Will eat anything it can swallow; keep alone or with very large fish only.