Apistogramma borellii

Apistogramma borellii, commonly known as the Umbrella Cichlid or Borelli's Dwarf Cichlid, is one of the most distinctive and adaptable species in the Apistogramma genus. Native to the Paraguay River basin and adjacent systems in southern Brazil, Paraguay, and northern Argentina, it inhabits areas with relatively clear water and, notably, cooler temperatures than most of its Amazonian relatives — making it one of the most temperature-tolerant Apistogramma available.

Males are significantly larger and more colourful than females, displaying iridescent blue-green scales across the body, a yellow to golden head, and blue-edged fins. Several colour variants have been developed in captivity, including the popular "Opal" variety with enhanced blue colouration. Females are smaller and primarily yellow, developing intensified coloration when in breeding condition.

In the aquarium, A. borellii is regarded as one of the more beginner-friendly Apistogramma species — it accepts a wider range of water conditions, is less aggressive than many of its congeners, and adjusts relatively quickly to captive life. Like all Apistogramma, it is a cavity-spawner that uses caves, coconut shells, or dense plant root systems as breeding sites. Males may maintain a small harem of females in a suitably large and decorated tank.

Tank Setup

A minimum of 60 litres is suitable for a pair; larger tanks allow for a small harem arrangement (one male to two to three females). Fine sand substrate is essential for natural digging and foraging behaviour. Provide multiple caves, coconut shell halves, or clay pots as potential spawning sites. Dense planting with java fern, anubias, and stem plants creates territorial boundaries and security. Driftwood and leaf litter enhance the naturalistic feel and provide blackwater chemistry.

Water Parameters

Temperature 20–26 °C — notably cooler than most Apistogramma. This species is unusual in tolerating temperatures as low as 18 °C for short periods. Target pH 5.5–7.5 and GH 1–12, KH 0–5. It is more tolerant of moderately hard water than most Apistogramma species. Regular 20–30% weekly water changes are recommended.

Feeding

Omnivorous and generally eager to feed. Offer a varied diet of micro pellets or granules, frozen or live daphnia, bloodworms, brine shrimp, and cyclops. Live or frozen foods are important for encouraging breeding condition. Feed small amounts two to three times daily.

Tank Mates

Compatible with small, peaceful community fish such as tetras, rasboras, and small corydoras. Avoid aggressive species and do not house with other dwarf cichlids unless the tank is large and well-decorated enough to support separate territories.

Behaviour

Peaceful toward most tank mates. Males establish territories and may display aggression toward rival males. Females become defensive and territorial when guarding eggs and fry. The female provides most parental care.

Health

Generally hardy. Common issues include internal parasites and bacterial infections, typically triggered by poor water quality. Quarantine new fish for three weeks and maintain consistent water conditions.