Apistogramma viejita

Apistogramma viejita is a medium-sized, vividly coloured dwarf cichlid native to the Meta River system in Colombia, part of the Orinoco drainage. It is closely related to A. macmasteri and was for some time confused with that species, but is now recognised as a distinct species with its own distinctive colour pattern and locality.

Males display a rich, complex colouration including red areas on the body and fins, blue iridescence on the flanks, yellow on the head and abdomen, and elaborately marked dorsal and caudal fins. The overall impression is one of intense, jewel-like colour that makes this one of the most visually rewarding Apistogramma species in the hobby. Females are smaller and yellow, with the typical Apistogramma pattern of colour intensification during breeding.

In nature, A. viejita is found in warm, soft, slightly acidic water with sandy substrates, leaf litter, and submerged vegetation. In the aquarium, it is relatively adaptable compared to some of the more extreme soft-water specialists, making it a good choice for intermediate aquarists who have some experience with soft-water fish. A well-planted tank with multiple caves and hiding places provides the ideal environment for this species to display its full colour and behavioural repertoire.

Tank Setup

Minimum 70 litres for a pair. Fine sand substrate, driftwood, caves, and leaf litter create an ideal biotope. Dense planting with java fern, anubias, and floating plants provides cover and territory boundaries. Low to moderate lighting. Gentle filtration with minimal water movement.

Water Parameters

Temperature 24–28 °C, pH 5.5–7.0. Soft to moderately soft water preferred; GH below 10 and KH below 5. Perform 20–30% weekly water changes. Keep nitrates below 20 ppm.

Feeding

Offer varied omnivorous diet: micro pellets, frozen bloodworms, brine shrimp, daphnia, and cyclops. Live foods are excellent for conditioning breeding pairs and should be offered regularly. Feed small amounts two to three times daily.

Tank Mates

Small tetras, rasboras, pencilfish, corydoras, and otocinclus are appropriate companions. Avoid other Apistogramma in small tanks and keep away from nippy or aggressive species.

Behaviour

Males are territorial and engage in vivid colour displays toward rivals. Females are attentive parents and will defend fry vigorously against perceived threats. Outside of breeding, viejita is peaceful toward non-cichlid companions. Its striking colouration is most intense under good conditions and during periods of social interaction.

Health

Generally robust for an Apistogramma. Internal parasites and bacterial infections are the main health concerns. Quarantine new fish for at least three weeks and maintain consistent water quality.