Black-spot Piranha

Pygocentrus cariba inhabits the seasonally flooded Llanos and the main Orinoco channel of Venezuela and Colombia. It is immediately identifiable by the conspicuous black humeral spot behind the gill cover, combined with bright orange-red ventral colouration and scattered silver iridescence on the flanks.

In behaviour, P. cariba closely mirrors P. nattereri, forming shoals that provide mutual security and reducing individual hiding behaviour. It adapts well to aquarium life when kept in groups of five or more, provided filtration is robust and the diet varied. It can be slightly more nervous than its Amazonian cousin.

Piranha ownership laws vary significantly by country and region; buyers must confirm legality in their jurisdiction.

Water: 24-28°C, pH 5.0-7.0, soft to moderately hard; the Orinoco origin means slightly softer water is preferred over hard alkaline conditions. Tank: Minimum 300L for a group of 5; powerful filtration essential; provide driftwood and floating plants for security; tight-fitting lid required. Feeding: Carnivore; fish fillets, prawns, silversides, frozen krill; varied diet maintains colouration; avoid reliance on single food item. Breeding: Nest-guarding species similar to P. nattereri; rarely bred in home aquaria; requires large, quiet breeding setup. Compatibility: Species-only tank recommended; check local regulations regarding piranha ownership before purchasing.