Cichla orinocensis

Cichla orinocensis is an apex predator endemic to the Orinoco basin and portions of the Rio Negro system. It inhabits blackwater rivers with warm, highly acidic, soft water — conditions that present a significant challenge to replicate in captivity. Males develop an impressive nuchal hump with age and display beautiful rows of pale cream oval spots against an olive-gold body. This is the largest member of its natural river community and demands a massive aquarium with impeccable water quality. A showpiece fish for only the most dedicated large-predator enthusiasts.

Water: 26–30°C, pH 5.0–7.0, soft (GH 1–10); blackwater conditions with tannins ideal. Tank: Minimum 1200L; large open swim space, strong filtration, few decorations to avoid injury during feeding frenzies. Feeding: Carnivore; large prawns, whole fish, earthworms; train onto dead/prepared foods from juvenile stage. Breeding: Rarely attempted; requires enormous space, ideal water chemistry, and a compatible pair. Compatibility: Solitary or same-species pair only; consumes anything it can fit in its mouth.