European Minnow

The European Minnow is one of the most abundant small fish in the clean rivers and streams of Europe, from Ireland to Siberia. It is recognisable by its small size, dark mottled dorsal surface, pale cream-white undersides, and the vivid red-orange throat and belly displayed by males during the spring spawning season.

In the aquarium minnows are lively schooling fish that do best in groups of six or more. They are sensitive to water quality and require cool, highly oxygenated, clean conditions. A biotope aquarium replicating a European chalk stream or upland river is perfect.

Minnows have historically been used as live bait across Europe. In the aquarium, however, they are charming and personable fish that quickly become accustomed to feeding routines.

Water: 5–20°C, pH 6.5–8.0, GH 5–18; very high oxygenation and low temperatures are non-negotiable. Tank: minimum 80 L, smooth gravel or pea-sized stones, powerhead for current, plants optional. Feeding: omnivore — flake, micro-pellets, frozen daphnia, cyclops, and small bloodworm. Breeding: spawns over gravel riffles in spring; requires seasonal temperature cycling and strong flow. Compatibility: peaceful; ideal with other small European coldwater fish such as stone loach and gudgeon.