Heterobranchus Catfish

Heterobranchus longifilis is distinguished from Clarias relatives by its exceptionally long adipose-dorsal fin which runs from behind the pectoral spine almost to the base of the caudal fin, giving it a unique silhouette. It is a large-river species from West and Central Africa, inhabiting the Niger, Volta, Congo, and associated drainage systems. Like Clarias, it possesses a modified gill chamber allowing aerial respiration.

This species reaches 100 cm in the wild and grows robustly in captivity under good conditions. It is primarily piscivorous but will accept large prepared foods once settled. The tank must be enormous, with very powerful filtration and a secure, heavy lid — H. longifilis is a strong, determined fish capable of lifting ill-fitted covers. Low lighting and large hiding places reduce stress.

H. longifilis is occasionally hybridised with C. gariepinus for aquaculture purposes, and hybrid offspring sometimes appear in the trade. The pure species is preferred by specialist collectors. It is a genuinely impressive fish whose distinctive dorsal fin immediately distinguishes it from all other large African catfish.

Water: 22–28°C, pH 6.5–8.0; tolerant; strong biological and mechanical filtration mandatory. Tank: 2 000 L minimum; very heavy lid; large caves; keep water level somewhat lower to allow air access. Feeding: Large fish portions, whole prawns, meaty pellets; high protein diet required. Breeding: Seasonal in the wild; hormonal induction used commercially; not achieved in home aquaria. Compatibility: Predatory; only with fish too large to be consumed.