Humpback Puffer

Pao leiurus features a pronounced dorsal hump that becomes more marked in adult specimens, giving it an instantly recognisable silhouette among freshwater puffers. It is widely distributed across the Mekong basin and occupies both slow and moderately flowing river sections. Its subdued olive and brown patterning provides excellent camouflage among leaf litter and sandy riverbeds.

Water: 24–28°C, pH 6.5–7.5, soft to moderately hard; stable parameters and regular water changes. Tank: Minimum 120 L; open sandy areas for foraging with driftwood and plant clusters. Feeding: Snails, clams, mussels, cockles, and bloodworm; hard-shelled foods prevent beak overgrowth. Behaviour: Solitary and highly territorial; do not house with any other puffer or fin-nipping victim. Compatibility: Species-only; individual housing in a dedicated aquarium.