Lapidifer Cichlid (Xingu)

Retroculus lapidifer is a specialised, rheophilic eartheater from the rocky rapids of the Araguaia and lower Tocantins rivers in Brazil. Unlike typical eartheaters it does not sift fine sand but instead clings to rocky substrates in strong current, using its sub-terminal mouth to scrape aufwuchs and extract small invertebrates from crevices. It is a powerful, stocky cichlid with muted but attractive colouration. The aquarium must replicate the high-flow, well-oxygenated conditions of its natural rapids habitat: powerful filtration and pumps creating strong directional current are non-negotiable. Rocky substrate with minimal sand, clear water, and moderately hard parameters replicate Araguaia conditions. Territorial during spawning; provide multiple broken sightlines. An advanced species for dedicated rheophilic cichlid keepers.

Water: Moderately hard; pH 6.5–7.5, temperature 26–30 °C, very high oxygen. Tank: 250 L+; large smooth rocks, powerful current, minimal sand. Feeding: Sinking pellets, live and frozen invertebrates, occasional algae wafers. Breeding: Cave/rock spawner; biparental care; strong flow required even during brooding. Compatibility: Moderate; keep with other rheophilic species; avoid slow-water community fish.