Marbled Freshwater Stingray

Potamotrygon constellata is a medium-sized freshwater ray with a broad distribution across Amazonian and Orinocan lowlands. Its disc is pale to cream, overlaid with brown marbling, blotching, and small spots that vary considerably between individuals, providing effective camouflage on sandy river beds. While less colourful than P. leopoldi or P. tigrina, its naturalistic pattern and reasonable adult size make it a practical choice for advanced keepers seeking a more understated but still biologically compelling species. Care is standard for the genus: warm, soft, acidic, pristine water, a sandy substrate, and a meaty diet. It is bred in captivity and relatively more available than rarer potamotrygonid species.

Water: 24–28°C, pH 5.5–7.0, soft to moderate (2–10 dGH); zero ammonia/nitrite; 25–30% water change weekly. Tank: Minimum 450L, fine sand, open base; efficient filtration; avoid coarse gravel that abrades the ventral disc. Feeding: Carnivore; earthworms, prawn, mussel, bloodworm; good feeder once established. Breeding: Viviparous; litters 4–10 pups; standard potamotrygonid breeding conditions apply. Compatibility: Large, calm tankmates suitable; avoid aggressive or inquisitive species.