Melaniae Peacock Bass

Cichla melaniae is endemic to the lower Rio Xingu in Pará state, Brazil, and is immediately distinguishable from other Peacock Bass by its extraordinary dark reticulated patterning — a dense network of black lines over a gold-yellow background. This pattern is unique among Cichla and makes C. melaniae arguably the most visually striking species in the genus. It is also one of the rarer species in the aquarium hobby.

The Xingu is characterised by warm, clear, well-oxygenated water over rocky substrate. C. melaniae requires similar conditions: warm, clean water with good flow and minimal nitrate accumulation. As with all Cichla, a very large tank is required to house adults to an acceptable standard.

Cichla melaniae's rarity and exceptional patterning make it highly prized by specialist aquarists. Captive breeding has been documented sporadically. Its collector status means captive-bred specimens command premium prices and are worth considerable effort to propagate.

Water: 25-30°C, pH 6.0-7.2, soft to moderately hard (2-12 dGH); clean, well-oxygenated Xingu-type water. Tank: Minimum 700L; rocky substrate arrangement, powerful flow, efficient biological filtration. Feeding: Large carnivore sinking pellets, frozen whole fish, prawns; condition on quality foods for pattern maintenance. Breeding: Open substrate spawner; biparental care; extremely rarely achieved in captivity. Compatibility: Only with genuinely large companions; large plecos, giant catfish.