Nandopsis tetracanthus

Nandopsis tetracanthus, the Cuban Biajaca, is the largest cichlid native to Cuba and holds the distinction of being one of the few cichlids with a Caribbean island distribution. It inhabits rivers, streams, and coastal estuaries throughout Cuba, displaying remarkable ecological flexibility including tolerance for low salinity. Adults are impressive fish: large-bodied with an intricate pattern of dark blotches and irregular bars overlaid with blue-green iridescence.

In the aquarium, the Cuban Biajaca is a powerful, territorial fish that commands significant space. It is an omnivore-leaning-carnivore and will consume smaller tankmates without hesitation. Despite its aggression, it is an intelligent and personable fish that often develops a recognition response to its keeper.

Breeding is similar to other large Nandopsis — pairs spawn on flat surfaces and both parents guard the brood with great vigor. The species can tolerate slightly brackish conditions, which provides an additional management tool for parasite control.

Water: 22–28°C, pH 7.0–8.0, GH 8–20, KH 4–12; tolerates slight salinity; adaptable to hard water. Tank: 500 L minimum; flat rocks, open sandy substrate; minimal delicate decor. Feeding: Carnivore — large cichlid pellets, whole fish, shrimp, mussel; high-protein diet. Breeding: Flat-rock spawner; very aggressive brood defense; large clutches (400–800 eggs). Compatibility: Large robust cichlids only or species tank; will eat smaller fish.