Neolamprologus pulcher 'Daffodil'

Neolamprologus pulcher 'Daffodil' is one of the best-studied cooperative-breeding cichlids in the world, and its creamy white-and-yellow colouration and gentle demeanour with group members make it one of the most appealing Tanganyika species for the community aquarium. The dominant breeding pair is assisted by younger fish — 'helpers' — that guard the territory and carry out alloparental care of fry in exchange for safety and future breeding opportunities.

In captivity this social structure is retained when a group of five to eight individuals is maintained. The fish become very interactive and bold, often greeting the keeper at the front of the glass. They occupy and spawn in rocky caves and crevices rather than shells per se, though they will use large shells if no caves are available.

A generously aquascaped aquarium of 100 L or more with both rockwork and open sandy areas suits pulcher well. The Daffodil form's pale colouration is best showcased against a dark background and substrate, and the fish benefits from moderate water flow and consistently hard, alkaline chemistry throughout its lifespan.

Water: pH 7.8–9.0, GH 10–20, KH 8–16, temperature 24–27 °C; stable and well-oxygenated. Tank: 100 L+ for a group of 5–8; rockwork caves essential; open sand floor for foraging. Feeding: Omnivore; accepts pellets, flake, and frozen Artemia, Mysis; feed twice daily. Breeding: Cooperative brooder; dominant pair spawns in cave; helpers assist in defence; fry raised communally. Compatibility: Keep as a conspecific group; compatible with mid-water Tanganyikans; avoid large aggressive cichlids.