Palembang Puffer

Pao palembangensis is endemic to the Musi River system of Sumatra, Indonesia, where it inhabits large, slow-moving rivers with muddy substrates. Its common name Target Puffer derives from the bold bull's-eye ring pattern on its flanks. Adults can exceed 18 cm and require substantial aquaria; their powerful beaks demand a constant supply of hard-shelled prey.

Water: 24–28°C, pH 6.5–7.5, soft to moderately hard; pristine water quality required — sensitive to nitrates. Tank: Minimum 200 L; spacious with open sand, driftwood, and subdued lighting. Feeding: Large snails, mussels, clams, and prawns; feed every 2–3 days to prevent obesity. Behaviour: Bold and curious but highly aggressive toward conspecifics and other puffers. Compatibility: Solo species-only aquarium; tankmates of any kind are strongly discouraged.