Pao Spilotus Puffer

Pao spilotus is distinguished from closely related Mekong Pao species by the extension of spotting onto the ventral surface, an unusual feature within the genus that provides a reliable field identification character. It inhabits moderate to fast-flowing sections of the Mekong and its larger tributaries in Laos and Thailand. The aquarium should reflect these riverine conditions with good water movement, high dissolved oxygen, sandy substrate, and minimal décor that allows free swimming. Like all Pao puffers it is a single-specimen fish that will aggressively attack any tankmate. Regular hard-shelled prey is mandatory to keep the fused beak at a safe length. The species has limited captive keeping history and most individuals in the trade are wild-caught.

Water: pH 6.5–7.5, temperature 24–28°C, soft to moderate; well-oxygenated; moderate to strong current. Tank: 150 L minimum; sandy substrate, smooth rocks; powerhead for current; powerful biological filtration. Feeding: Snails, mussels, crayfish, clams, earthworms; hard prey 3–4 times weekly; monitor beak regularly. Breeding: Not documented in captivity; Mekong seasonal river spawner. Compatibility: Solitary; extremely aggressive; absolutely no tankmates in standard aquarium.