Papaterra Eartheater

Satanoperca papaterra was described from blackwater tributaries of the middle Amazon and lower Rio Negro in Amazonas state, Brazil. It is closely related to S. pappaterra but differs in lateral-line scale counts, meristics, and a more subdued body spot pattern. Like all members of its genus, it is a sand-sifting delayed mouthbrooder that inhabits warm, ion-poor, tannin-rich waters. In captivity it demands very soft, warm, acidic conditions and is sensitive to elevated hardness or pH. Fine sand, driftwood, dried leaf litter, and subdued lighting best replicate its natural environment. A gentle species that may be outcompeted for food by more boisterous fish; serve food close to the substrate in calm sections of the aquarium.

Water: Very soft; pH 4.5–6.5, temperature 26–30 °C, tannin-rich ideal. Tank: 200 L+; fine sand, leaf litter, driftwood, subdued light. Feeding: Fine sinking pellets, frozen daphnia, artemia, bloodworm. Breeding: Delayed mouthbrooder; brooding fish needs refuge and calm environment. Compatibility: Only with very gentle, similarly sized soft-water species.