Port Hoplo Catfish (Hoplosternum thoracatum)

Hoplosternum thoracatum is a robust callichthyid catfish widespread across northern South America and Trinidad, recognized by its armoured body and characteristic bubble nests built and aggressively guarded by males at the water surface. A hardy, adaptable species capable of breathing atmospheric air via a modified intestine, tolerating a wide range of water conditions including low-oxygen environments. A reliable, active catfish for tanks with medium-to-large, robust tank mates.

Minimum 200 L with open floor space and hiding spots. pH 5.5–8.0, GH 2–15, KH 0–8, temperature 22–28°C. Omnivorous — feed sinking pellets, wafers, frozen bloodworm. Males may become territorial when nest-building; provide plenty of space. Compatible with medium-to-large community fish; may be outcompeted for food by very active tank mates. Hardy and disease-resistant.