Protomelas spilonotus Tanzania

Protomelas spilonotus from the Tanzanian coast of Lake Malawi is one of the most striking large haplochromines in the hobby, with males displaying a vivid electric-blue head and anterior body that transitions sharply to a rich yellow-orange on the posterior body and fins. This two-tone colouration is striking and distinct from mainland Malawi populations, which tend toward different colour expressions.

In the wild, P. spilonotus inhabits sandy areas adjacent to rocky zones, where it feeds primarily on algae scraped from hard surfaces. It is a large species capable of reaching 20 cm, making it a dominant fish in any aquarium. The Tanzania population has been in the hobby for several decades and tank-bred specimens are reliably available.

In the aquarium, this species is one of the most visually impressive large haps and serves as a remarkable centrepiece in a spacious Malawi cichlid tank. Its size means it requires a large aquarium with substantial territory, but its relatively moderate temperament for its size makes it compatible with a broad range of Malawi haplochromines and peacock cichlids.

Water: 24-28°C, pH 7.8-8.5, hard alkaline; large filtration capacity required for a large active species. Tank: 400L minimum; spacious tank with both rocky and sandy zones; one of the larger haps available. Feeding: Herbivore-leaning omnivore — spirulina pellets, Nori, blanched greens, occasional frozen mysis. Breeding: Maternal mouthbrooder; large clutches of 20-40 eggs; females need ample space post-release. Compatibility: Semi-aggressive for its size; suitable for large Malawi hap-and-peacock communities.