Red-bellied Piranha

Pygocentrus nattereri is the quintessential piranha, widely distributed across the Amazon, Orinoco, and Paraná-Paraguay river systems. Adults develop a vivid orange-red ventral surface contrasting dramatically with steel-grey flanks dusted with silver iridescence. Despite their fearsome reputation, in aquaria they are often more timid than aggressive, seeking safety in numbers.

In the wild, red-bellied piranhas form large shoals that scavenge carrion and ambush weakened prey. In captivity, shoals of five or more individuals significantly reduce individual skittishness and display far more natural behaviour than solitary specimens. A large, well-filtered tank with subdued lighting, robust décor, and a tight-fitting lid is essential.

Ownership of piranhas is illegal or restricted in numerous countries and US states; always verify local regulations before purchasing.

Water: 24-28°C, pH 5.5-7.5, soft to moderately hard (2-12 dGH); regular water changes essential to manage waste from a high-protein diet. Tank: Minimum 300L for a small group; robust external filtration, subdued lighting, floating plants and driftwood for cover; secure, weighted lid mandatory. Feeding: Carnivore; fresh or frozen fish fillets, prawns, earthworms, whole silversides; avoid live feeder fish to prevent disease introduction. Breeding: Egg-scatterers that guard a nest; large bare-bottom breeding tank required; parents may consume eggs if stressed — not regularly achieved in captivity. Compatibility: Species-only tank strongly recommended; piranha ownership is illegal or restricted in many regions — verify local laws before purchase.