Redear Sunfish

Lepomis microlophus, the Redear Sunfish, is a deep-bodied, robust centrarchid native to lakes, ponds, and slow rivers of the southeastern United States. It is popularly nicknamed 'Shellcracker' for its remarkably strong pharyngeal teeth, which allow it to consume hard-shelled molluscs and crustaceans that other sunfish cannot access. The diagnostic feature is the red (in males) or orange (in females) tip on the otherwise black opercular flap.

In the aquarium, Redear Sunfish are somewhat less aggressive than their Lepomis relatives, spending much of their time near the substrate probing for invertebrates. They are well-suited to tanks with snail populations requiring control and will systematically work through shells. They appreciate cool, clear water with moderate hardness.

They accept a wide variety of meaty foods and can be maintained with other large, robust centrarchids given adequate space. Their relatively peaceful temperament (outside of spawning season) and efficient mollusc control make them a functional as well as attractive native tank inhabitant.

Water: 15–28 °C, pH 6.5–8.0, moderate to hard water; good filtration required. Tank: 300 L minimum; gravel or sandy substrate, rocks, and open areas; snails as supplemental food. Feeding: Snails, earthworms, frozen invertebrates, crayfish; may accept sinking pellets. Breeding: Nest builder in spring; male guards aggressively during spawning season. Compatibility: Less aggressive than most Lepomis; suitable with large robust native tankmates.