Redspotted Sunfish

Lepomis miniatus is among the most visually appealing of the smaller sunfishes, inhabiting blackwater streams, cypress swamps, and coastal plain rivers from the Mississippi Valley to the Gulf Coast. Despite its diminutive maximum size of about 9 cm, it is adorned with vivid orange-red spots on the flanks and a richly coloured opercular spot, making it a prized species for native fish aquarists.

In the aquarium, Redspotted Sunfish prefer soft, slightly acidic water with tannins — conditions easily replicated with the addition of dried leaf litter, driftwood, or a small amount of peat. They are somewhat shy initially but grow bolder with time and regular feeding. A well-planted tank with subdued lighting brings out their best colour.

They are compatible with other small to medium-sized native species of similar temperament and water requirements, making them suitable participants in biotope-style southeastern coastal plain aquaria. Blackwater conditions are not strictly necessary but clearly enhance their display colours.

Water: 15–26 °C, pH 5.5–7.5, soft water; tannin-rich blackwater conditions ideal. Tank: 80 L minimum; leaf litter, driftwood, dense vegetation, subdued lighting. Feeding: Live/frozen bloodworms, Daphnia, small earthworms; may accept small pellets. Breeding: Constructs small gravel nest; male guards eggs and wrigglers attentively. Compatibility: Compatible with small to medium peaceful native fish in blackwater setups.