Rope Fish

Erpetoichthys calabaricus is one of the most unusual-looking fish in the freshwater hobby, belonging to the family Polypteridae alongside the bichirs. Unlike bichirs, however, it has evolved an extreme body elongation, lacks pelvic fins entirely, and swims with a captivating serpentine motion that fully justifies its common name.

Native to coastal river systems of West and Central Africa, it breathes air with a primitive vascularised lung and must have access to the water surface at all times. Despite its serpentine appearance it is a thoroughly peaceful species toward tankmates it cannot swallow, and multiple specimens can be kept together peacefully, often resting in loose groups.

Feeding is straightforward: live and frozen bloodworm, earthworms, and small prawns are all accepted. Its small mouth limits the size of prey it can consume, making it safer for medium-sized tankmates than many similar-looking species. A tight-fitting lid is mandatory as rope fish are accomplished escape artists.

Water: Soft to moderately hard, pH 6.0–7.5, temperature 22–28°C, GH 3–15, KH 1–8. Tank: Minimum 150 L, dense decor, air access always available, fully sealed lid is critical. Feeding: Carnivore; bloodworm, earthworms, small prawns, and sinking carnivore pellets. Breeding: Very rarely achieved; egg-depositing behaviour recorded in large soft-water setups. Compatibility: Peaceful with fish too large to swallow; can be kept in groups.