San Francisco Piranha

Pygocentrus piraya is the apex of the Pygocentrus genus, reaching up to 50 cm in the wild and displaying a spectacular yellow-gold ventral colouration that intensifies in well-maintained adults. It is endemic to the Rio São Francisco drainage in eastern Brazil and is considerably rarer in the trade than P. nattereri.

Like other Pygocentrus, it is best kept in conspecific groups to reduce aggression toward tankmates. Its large adult size and immense bioload make it a serious commitment, requiring industrial-grade filtration and very frequent water changes. Juveniles can be deceptively small and manageable, but buyers must plan for full adult size.

Ownership is restricted or prohibited in many jurisdictions; always confirm local legislation before purchase.

Water: 24-28°C, pH 5.5-7.0, soft water preferred (2-8 dGH); high dissolved oxygen levels important for this active, large-bodied fish. Tank: Minimum 600L for a pair or small group; powerful external canister or sump filtration; minimal décor to maximise swimming space; weighted lid essential. Feeding: Carnivore; large fish fillets, whole prawns, silversides, krill; feed 2-3 times weekly to avoid obesity and water quality issues. Breeding: Rarely achieved in captivity due to size requirements; nest-guarding species; a very large, dedicated breeding tank of 2000L+ would be required. Compatibility: Species-only tank required; this piranha is illegal to own in many countries and US states — always verify local regulations before purchase.