Sarotherodon melanotheron

Sarotherodon melanotheron, the Blackchin Tilapia, is a medium-to-large cichlid from coastal West Africa and the Lake Albert drainage with remarkable reproductive biology: in this species the male, not the female, carries the fertilised eggs and fry in the buccal cavity. This paternal mouthbrooding behaviour is unusual even among cichlids and makes S. melanotheron a biologically fascinating aquarium subject.

Males are distinguished by the characteristic black chin and throat colouration from which the species takes its name. They are moderately aggressive during breeding, when males carrying broods may become especially defensive. Outside of breeding, the species is relatively peaceful for a cichlid of its size.

Sarotherodon melanotheron is an adaptable species tolerating a range of salinities and water conditions, reflecting its coastal and estuarine distribution in parts of its range. In the aquarium it requires a large tank and regular large water changes to maintain water quality given its substantial bioload.

Water: 20-28°C, pH 6.5-8.5, moderately hard; large weekly water changes essential. Tank: 300L minimum; open swimming space; robust filtration. Feeding: Omnivore; cichlid pellets, vegetable matter, spirulina, frozen foods. Breeding: Paternal mouthbrooder; males carry brood — observe and do not disturb. Compatibility: Large cichlid-only display; peaceful outside breeding; do not mix with small species.