Vieja synspila

Vieja synspila is closely related to the well-known Quetzal Cichlid and is sometimes confused with it, but represents a distinct species from the Usumacinta and Lacantun drainages. Dominant males in peak breeding condition develop an extraordinary red-orange blaze covering much of the head and anterior body, contrasted by green-blue iridescent scaling on the flanks. The overall effect rivals even the most colorful African cichlids.

This is a large, active, and somewhat aggressive species that requires substantial aquarium space. It naturally inhabits slow to moderate sections of large rivers with rocky and sandy substrates. In the aquarium, it will make full use of the tank's length and benefits from a long rather than tall setup.

V. synspila is a reliable breeder when a compatible pair is established, and its parental behaviors are highly developed — both parents will actively defend a several-decimeter territory around the spawning site and will not hesitate to attack the keeper's hand during fry-guarding.

Water: 24–28°C, pH 7.0–8.0, GH 8–18, KH 4–12; pristine water quality essential for best coloration. Tank: 500 L minimum; length prioritized over height; sand substrate, large boulders, minimal planting. Feeding: Omnivore — cichlid pellets, shrimp, mussel, and regular blanched greens to enhance red-orange color. Breeding: Flat-rock or pit spawner; very aggressive parental defense; fry guarding lasts 4–6 weeks. Compatibility: Large robust CA cichlid companions only; highly aggressive toward all tankmates when breeding.