Xinguensis Cichlid (Xingu)

Retroculus xinguensis is endemic to the turbulent, rocky rapids of the lower to middle Rio Xingu in Pará, Brazil — one of the world's most biodiverse river systems for cichlids. Like its congener R. lapidifer, it is fully adapted for life in fast-flowing, highly oxygenated, clear water over rocky substrates. It holds position in strong current using its powerful body musculature and sub-terminal mouth. Males defending spawning territories display intense contrasting black-and-orange or black-and-white fin colouration that is stunning in a high-flow aquarium. The aquarium must have extremely powerful circulation equipment simulating rocky rapids conditions; standard community aquarium flow is wholly inadequate. An advanced and highly specialised species for experienced rheophilic-cichlid hobbyists.

Water: Moderately hard; pH 6.5–7.5, temperature 26–30 °C, extremely high oxygen and flow. Tank: 250 L+; large smooth rocks, very strong current from multiple powerheads. Feeding: Sinking pellets, live invertebrates, frozen bloodworm, algae wafers. Breeding: Rock-surface spawner; biparental; requires sustained high flow through brooding. Compatibility: Specialised; keep with other rheophilic Xingu species only.