Caltha palustris (Marsh Marigold)

Caltha palustris is one of the earliest flowering pond marginals, brightening pond edges with masses of glossy golden-yellow buttercup flowers from March through May, often before most other plants have woken from winter dormancy. A native of Dutch and Belgian wetlands, excellent for wildlife ponds and naturalised stream edges.

Plant at pond margin in waterlogged soil or up to 10 cm water depth. Full sun to light shade. Thrives in clay or loam — not pure gravel. Divide clumps every 2–3 years to maintain flowering vigour. Fully hardy in Belgian/Dutch winters to -20°C. Excellent early-season nectar source for pollinators. Remove spent flower heads to prevent unwanted self-seeding.