Euryale ferox

Euryale ferox is the sole species of its genus and a close relative of Victoria water lilies, native to tropical and subtropical Asia from India through China and Japan. Its enormous floating pads — reaching 1–1.5 metres in diameter — are covered on both surfaces with sharp, rigid spines, and the upper surface is dark green while the underside is vivid purple-red with a heavily veined, quilted texture. The solitary flowers are vivid violet to purple and are relatively small compared to the leaf size. Seeds (Fox Nuts) are harvested and eaten across Asia.

Euryale ferox is a warm-water annual in most cultivation contexts, though it can behave as a perennial in true tropical conditions. It requires a large heated pond, extremely rich growing medium, and full-sun exposure to develop fully. Growth is fast under optimal conditions — a single plant can cover a considerable pond surface within one season. It is a true conversation piece and botanical marvel for the serious aquatic garden specialist.

This species is not suitable for small ponds or aquariums — it is strictly a large-scale pond plant for those with the space and resources to support its extraordinary scale.

Light: Full sun mandatory — 8+ hours direct sunlight essential. CO2: Not applicable. Fertilisation: Extremely rich growing medium — use 20+ litres of enriched aquatic compost; fertiliser tabs monthly. Placement: Large heated pond minimum 500 L with surface area of at least 3 m²; warm water 24–30°C. Propagation: Primarily grown from seed annually; seeds must be kept in water and sown fresh.