Pogostemon erectus

Pogostemon erectus is one of the most architecturally striking aquarium plants available, native to India and producing stems that closely resemble a miniature pine or cypress tree. The densely whorled, needle-fine leaves radiate uniformly from the upright stem in tiers, creating a precise geometric quality unlike any other stem plant in the hobby.

Despite its demanding appearance, P. erectus is one of the more accessible advanced stem plants. It requires high light and CO2 injection but adapts to a reasonably wide range of water parameters. It grows at a moderate pace, gaining 2–3 cm per week under good conditions, and responds well to trimming — when the top is cut the stem branches to produce two or more sideshoots.

A signature plant of Nature Aquarium-style aquascapes, where it is used to create vivid green vertical columns in the background. Particularly striking when backlit, showing the precise, pine-tree silhouette to full effect.

Light: High (60–100 PAR); precise tiered needle-whorls require strong illumination. CO2: Required at 20–30 mg/L; compact, well-structured growth depends on CO2. Fertilisation: Regular balanced micro and macro dosing; adequate nitrogen prevents yellowing. Placement: Background; plant individually or in small groups of 3–5 with 3–5 cm spacing. Propagation: Cut tops at 10–15 cm; replant; 2+ side shoots develop below cut within 2 weeks.