Proserpinaca palustris 'Cuba'

Proserpinaca palustris 'Cuba' is one of the most morphologically fascinating aquarium plants available. In its emersed form the leaves are flat, serrated, and superficially similar to a saw-edged herb; when submerged, the same plant produces deeply pinnate, almost feathery leaves that are unrecognisable as belonging to the same species. Under high light and with CO2 the submerged leaves develop stunning warm orange to red tones.

This leaf dimorphism means newly submerged emersed plants undergo a dramatic transformation over 2–4 weeks, which can be mistaken for the plant melting. Patience is essential as the plant adapts and begins producing its beautiful submerged-form leaves.

The Cuba form is selected for its particularly vibrant colouration and compact growth compared to the standard species. It is a true specialty plant requiring high-tech conditions but is enormously rewarding once established.

Light: High (60–100 PAR); orange-red tones in submerged form require strong illumination. CO2: Required at 25–35 mg/L; deeply pinnate leaf form depends on elevated CO2. Fertilisation: Iron and micro dosing 2–3× weekly; adequate phosphate supports leaf development. Placement: Midground to background; groups of 3–5 stems with 3–4 cm spacing. Propagation: Trim tops at 10–15 cm once submerged form established and replant.